漫川漫岗黑土区水土保持“三道防线”模式建设研究

The Construction Research of“Three Lines of Defense”Model on Black Soil in Diffuse or Sichuan Area of Soil and Water Conservation

结合"国家农业综合开发东北黑土区水土流失重点治理工程"建设,探索漫川漫岗黑土区水土保持"三道防线"治理模式的可行性。第一道防线是在坡顶岗脊栽树戴帽,开挖截流沟,涵养水源,控制坡水下山;第二道防线是坡耕地等高种植,修梯田,种植植物防冲带,达到拦截径流、蓄水保墒的目的;第三道防线是沟壑中修跌水、谷坊,栽植乔灌木,以便拦泥蓄水,控制沟壑发展。采用小区及实测对比的方法,分析模式效益。结果表明,选择拜泉县永安小流域进行水土保持"三道防线"典型模式建设,流域保水率和保土率分别达78.36%和95.73%,实施治理坡耕地平均每年产粮191万kg,比当地平均水平提高10.38%,取得了较好的治理效果。可见,"三道防线"是漫川漫岗黑土区有效的水土保持治理模式。

Explore the feasibility of the ＂three lines of defense＂ governance mode on black soil in diffuse or Siehuan area of soil and water con- servation combined with the ＂national comprehensive agricultural development of the northeast black earth area of soil and water loss key govern- ance project＂ construction. The first line of defense is ridge trees in top and excavation intercepting ditch,water conservation, control slope under- water mountains; The second line of defense is contour slope farming, terracing, plant zone, to intercept runoff, water storage of soil conservation goal ; Repairing the third line of defense is a ravine exist, check dam and plant succession,in order to stop mud water storage, control gully devel- opment,and USES the neighborhood and measured after comparison method to determine governance efficiency. The result showed that select Baiquan County Yongan watershed to ＂three lines of defense＂ typical model construction of soil and water conservation ,river basin water retention and soil conservation rate reached 78.36% and 95.73% respectively, the implementation of governance slope to grain production per year on av- erage 1.91 million kg, 10.38% higher than that of local average ,good governance effects have been achieved. ＂Three lines of defense＂ is an ef- fective Datteru for soil and water conservation on black soil in diffuse or Sichuan area.