中国八省份一般人群尿液中铜、锌水平分布研究

Distribution of copper and zinc level in urine of general population in eight provinces of China

目的 调查中国8个省份一般人群尿液中铜、锌元素含量的水平，分析其人群分布特点，为进一步的研究工作提供基础资料。方法 2009至2010年在中国东、中、西部8个省份的24个市县，采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取了18 120名6～60岁人群为研究对象，对其生活环境和健康状况进行问卷调查并收集尿液样品。应用电感藕合等离子体质谱法检测尿液中铜、锌元素的含量，比较分析中国一般人群尿液中铜、锌元素含量在不同年龄、性别间的分布特征。结果 中国一般人群尿液中铜、锌元素含量中位数分别为9.28和115.47 μg/L，P25～P75分别为2.66～16.09和35.32～265.15 μg/L；男性和女性人群尿液中铜元素含量中位数分别为9.90和8.60 μg/L（Z=－5.63,P〈0.001），锌元素含量中位数分别为140.44和95.27 μg/L（Z=－14.79, P〈0.001），不同性别间铜、锌元素含量差异均有统计学意义；6～12、13～16、17～20、21～30、31～45和46～60岁年龄组尿液中铜元素含量中位数分别为9.30、10.14、9.67、9.3、8.38和8.74 μg/L（χ^2=70.94, P〈0.001），锌元素含量中位数分别为130.83、132.07、139.34、109.3、78.74和109.51 μg/L（χ^2=146.00, P〈0.001），不同年龄组间铜、锌元素含量差异均有统计学意义。结论 本次研究得出中国人群尿液中铜、锌元素含量基础数据，能够为开展进一步科学研究提供科学可靠的参考数据。

Objective To describe the distribution of zinc （Zn） and copper （Cu） in urine samples of generalpopulation in eight provinces of China, to analyze their characteristics of distribution between different region, gender and age-cohorts, and to provide the baseline of themetabolites in the general population.Methods From 2009 to 2010, 18 120 subjects from the general population aged from 6 to 60 years old were recruited from 24 areas among 8 provinces of China mainland by random sampling. The environmental and physical condition characteristics were collected from questionnaires, and urine samples were collected at the mean time. The levels of Zn and Cu in urine were measured using ICP-MS. Data were analyzed by statistical methods to compare the distribution characteristics of Zn and Cu among populations with different ages and genders. Results Totally, the median of Cu and Zn in urine were 9.28 and 115.47 μg/L respectively; and the inter-quartile range of Cu and Zn were 2.66-16.09 and 35.32-265.15 μg/L respectively. The median of Cu in male and female were 9.90 and 8.60 μg/L （Z=-5.63, P〈0.001）, and Zn in male and female were 140.44 and 95.27 μg/L （Z=-14.79, P〈0.001）. The median of Cu among the groups aged 6-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years old were 9.30, 10.14, 9.67, 9.33, 8.38 and 8.74 μg/L （χ^2=70.94, P〈0.001 ）, respectively, and the median of Zn 130.83, 132.07, 139.34, 109.3, 78.74 and 109.51 μg/L （χ^2=146.00, P〈0.001）, respectively.There was statistically significant differences in urinary Cu and Zn levels between male and female, and among the different age groups. Conclusion The Cu and Zn levels and distribution in urine among general population between 2009 and 2010 in China were reported in this article. These basic data in China will provide scientific and reliable reference for further scientific research.