曹魏“改正朔、易服色”考

A Study of Royal Calendar and Clothing Colors Reform in the CaoWei Dynasty

"改正朔、易服色"是中国古代一项重要的政治文化传统,曹魏的"改正朔、易服色"正是这一传统在汉晋之间发生变化的重要环节。魏文帝曹丕的"改正朔"不改历法而定服色、牺牲,奠定了由"禅让"所建的新王朝跟由"革命"所建的新王朝的不同的传统,即改历法与改服色可以不同步。此后,魏明帝"改正朔"恢复了历法和服色、牺牲同步改易的秦汉传统,这也是明帝加强中央集权的众多措施之一。魏晋禅代后晋袭用曹魏的正朔与服色,则奠定了中古"改正朔"的另一种更为现实的政治文化传统。以后的中古王朝"改正朔、易服色"只是限定在跟名分有关的领域内。

To change the old royal calendar and clothing colors into a new systematic institution is an important political culture tradition in ancient China.The change of royal calendar and color of the Wei dynasty is an important link in the Han-Jin times.Cao Pi changed the royal color into new but kept the old calendar,created a new tradition justifying peaceful abdication and transfer of power mode different from that caused by revolutions.This tradition means calendar and color are not necessary to simultaneouslyreformed.Later,Wei Mingdi returned to the Qin-Han tradition as a measure to centralize the power.When the Jin rulers had taken over Cao Wei＇power,they continued using Cao Wei＇s royal calendar and color.Thus they established another more practical tradition of political culture for the middle age China.Since then reforms of this kind were limited to items involving personal status.