赫梯基拉姆节日活动的仪式特征及其功能

On the Ritualized Nature of the Hittite KI. LAM Festival

公元前17世纪—前12世纪,赫梯统治者通过一系列宗教祭祀和纪念活动巩固政权。基拉姆节日是王室通过祭祀诸神宣示王室统治、祈求国泰民安和众神护佑的一种仪式性活动,其仪式内容、程序、步骤、仪仗规范、祀神顺序、宴会座次等各个方面特征反映了赫梯全国性节日活动的主要要素。基拉姆节日活动既强调哈梯传统,又强调远古祖先狩猎生活传统,在各类活动中表现了王室统治的正统性和合法性、权威性和神圣性。具有祭祀祖先功能的基拉姆仪式与其他强调农业生产、军事胜利的全国性节日共同构成了赫梯的国家庆典体系,反映了古代国家通过仪式手段巩固政权的普遍性特征。

The rulers of the powerful Hittite Kingdom dominating central and southeastern Anatolia as well as northern Syria between the 17^(th)- 12^(th) centuries BC tried to consolidate their rule in several ways.Among these were celebrations,ceremonial rites,and festivals,which played an important role.This article focuses on one of the Hittite major national festivals,i.e.KI.LAM Festival.Tracing its textual composition and history,this paper aims to reconstruct its celebration procedures and its ritualized nature in comparison with and contrast to other contemporaneous national festivals.It concludes that the festival and other national festivals were utilized by the Hittite rulers to showcase their legitimacy,authority,and power.