论赫梯王国的流放政策

On the Penalty of Exile in the Hittite Kingdom

流放是赫梯王国处罚政治犯的一种重要方式。它最初仅仅是处罚王室成员的一种手段,后来逐渐演变成一项国家政策。根据流放政策的内容和形式,可以分为圈禁型、拘押型和放逐型三种。它们分别发挥了不同的政治作用:圈禁型流放政策缓和了争夺王权的斗争,加强了赫梯国王的权力;拘押型流放政策保证了赫梯帝国行政体系的有效运转,维持了中央与地方的权力平衡;放逐型流放政策则维护了王宫乃至整个社会的稳定团结。虽然赫梯王国的流放政策存在着一定的弊端,其产生的实际效果是短暂和临时的,但其出发点都是为赫梯国王以及整个赫梯王国的利益服务的。

In the Hittite Kingdom,exile,developed from a punishment of royal members to a national policy,was an important penalty for political prisoners.Categorically,it falls into three types: 'confinement',which alleviated the conflict among royal members,serving to strengthen the power of the kings; 'imprisonment',which ensured the functioning of the administrative system,balancing the central power with local power;and ' banishment',which served to maintain the stability of the royal family and the entire society.The exile policy had its limitations,and its results were often transitory and provisionary,but it was nonetheless conducive to the consolidation of the kingdom.