论农村体制改革对农村居民收入差别“倒U”变动的影响——基于天津和山东案例的考察

The Study of the Impact of Reform on Rural Residents' Income Inequality:Based on the Cases of Tianjin and Shandong

本文利用天津农村较长时期的社会经济调查数据和山东农村部分调查资料,考察了农村体制改革对农村居民收入差别的影响,发现农村体制改革对农村居民收入差别的影响效应是显著的。在考察期内,天津农村居民收入差别持续变动的趋势正在按照预期发生逆转,步入假定的"公有经济收入差别倒U曲线"的下降区间。按计量方法分解来看,分配效应和结构效应都促使天津农村居民收入差别从2003年开始转而下降,分配效应的作用更大些,其中家庭经营性收入的差别是引致收入差别转而下降的最主要因素,工资性收入的差别缩小效应次之。建议继续深化改革,创新农业经营方式,大力推进城镇化,积极扩大农村居民就业,关注和防止财产性收入差别的扩大,改进和完善转移性收入的分配机制。

In order to track and deepen the study of the impact of the economic system reforms on income inequality, using rural socio-economic survey data of Tianjin and Shandong, we examine the impact of reform on income inequality of rural residents for the second time. We find that the impact of reform is significant. In the study period, the trend of rural residents＇ income inequality in Tianjin is reversed as expected and steps into the declining zone of ＂Public ownership income distribution inverted U curve＂ which we supposed before. By measurement of decomposition, the distributional effects and structural effects have prompted the income inequality of rural residents in Tianjin to turn down from the beginning of 2003.The role of the distributional effects is larger. The family-running business income is the most important factor among which cause the income inequality turn into declining, the effect of wage income take the second place. Therefore, we recommend continuing to deepen rural economic reform, innovating agricultural operations, vigorously promote urbanization, expand employment of rural residents, prevent and pay close attention to the expansion of property income inequality, improve and perfect the distributional mechanism of transfer income.