全球价值链分工下的出口产品结构及核算——基于增加值的视角

The Structure of Export under Global Value Chain and Accounting:Based on the Perspective of Value-added

在全球价值链分工中,出口部门的全球价值链定位决定了其出口产品的国内增加值含量,基于增加值的角度,按照出口产品的国内增加值含量,一个国家(地区)的出口产品可以分为比较收益优势产品和比较收益劣势产品。构建出口优化度指标(EO指数),可对出口国家行业层面、双边贸易、多边贸易层面的出口产品结构进行度量和比较。通过主要出口国家的EO指数核算,本文发现以电子及光电设备等产业为代表,区域贸易集团内部正形成明显的产业价值链分工。与其他制造部门相比,中国大陆交通运输设备部门的出口优化度较高。在全球价值链分工中,日本、美国大多数部门的EO指数相对较高,而中国的出口产品结构与第一出口大国地位并不相称。为此,中国大陆应从培育国内高级要素、扩大流入要素贡献两个方面出发,进一步提升全球价值链定位,优化出口产品结构。

Under the global value chain, the GVC-position reflects the added value of exports of domestic content. Based on the perspective of value-added, according to the domestic value-added content of export products, a country （region） of export products can be divided into two categories： comparative advantage and comparative disadvantage products. By building export optimization degree index （EO index）, we can measure and compare the export structure of industry as well as the country （region）. By accounting the structure of export in mainly exported countries, we can find the industrial value chain division of labor in the regional trade group represented by industries such as electrical and optical equipment. Compared with other manufacturing department, the EO index of China＇s transport equipment is relatively high. In the global value chain division of labor, most of the EO index of Japan and US is relatively high, while China＇s export products structure and the first export superpower status is not matched. Thus, we should foster domestic ad- vanced elements, expand the contribution factors of inflows, optimize the structure of export products through enhancing the GVC-position.