上颌窦窦口改变与气流场特征关系的研究

Study on the correlation between the ostia diameter changes and airflow characteristics in maxillary sinus

目的了解上颌窦内气流场和温度场与上颌窦窦口开放大小的关系，为临床手术量化上颌窦窦口开放范围提供参考意见。方法选取1例健康成人女性螺旋CT影像资料，构建鼻腔及上颌窦的三维模型，采用计算流体力学方法，数值模拟研究上颌窦中气流和温度正常分布，了解上颌窦的生理功能；通过模拟上颌窦开放手术，研究随着窦口直径的变化（正常、8mm、10mm、12mm和15mm）上颌窦气流和温度的改变。结果数值模拟发现，上颌窦内气流速度和变化低于鼻腔，上颌窦中的气流速度（平均速度0．062m／s）远低于中鼻道（平均速度3．260m／s）；正常上颌窦中的平均温度是34．0℃，明显高于中鼻道内温度（28．7℃）；随着窦口直径的增加，上颌窦温度与气流变化不明显。结论通过数值模拟研究证实，上颌窦气流占鼻腔气流的比例很小，窦口的开放对窦内气流及鼻腔气流的影响很小。

Objective To investigate the relationship between the maxillary sinus flow field, temperature field and the maxillary sinus ostium size, and to provide a reference for endoscopic surgery according to the maxillary sinus scope. Methods One case of adult female CT image data was obtained, and used to build a three-dimensional model of nasal cavity and maxillary sinus. Computational fluid dynamics method was used to study the airflow and temperature of the maxillary sinus, as well as the physiological function of the maxillary sinus. Simulation surgery by means of different maxillary sinus diameters （ normal, 8 mm, 10 ram, 12 mm and 15 ram） was used to describe the maxillary sinus airflow and temperature change. Results It was found that by numerical simulation the airflow of maxillary sinus and nasal cavity showed lower speed （average speed 0. 062 m/s） than that in the middle nasal meatus （average speed of 3. 260 m/s） , and the average temperature in the normal maxillary sinus was 34 ℃, which was higher than that in the middle nasal meatus （ temperature 28.7℃ ）. With the increase of the diameter of the maxillary sinus, the air temperature change was not obvious. Conclusions The physiological function of the maxillary sinus can be studied through the numerical simulation. With the increase of the ostia diameter of maxillary sinus, the sinus temperature and ventilation is not affected. It provides a reference for quantification of clinical endoscopic maxillary sinus surgery.