急诊科护士职业倦怠调查及应对策略

Job burnout and coping strategies of nurses in Emergency Department

目的 调查广东省惠州市第六人民医院（以下简称“我院”）急诊科护士的职业倦怠现状,提出应对策略。方法 选用Maslach工作倦怠量表,以自我报告式形式从“情感枯竭”、“低个人成就感”、“去人性化”三个方面对我院急诊科及外科、内科、儿科、妇产科共280名护士的工作倦怠感进行问卷调研,其中情感枯竭包含5个项目,11分以下为低分,11-15分为中等,15分以上为高分;个人低成就感含6个项目,18分以下为低分,18-22分为中等,22分以上为高分;去人性化含5个项目,8分以下为低分,8-12分为中等,12分以上为高分。记录各科护士的调查得分结果,分别与急诊科护士进行统计学比较。结果 56名急诊科被调研的护士,情感枯竭处于高分的有25名（44.64%）;低个人成就感处于高分的有34名（60.71%）;去人性化处于高分的有32名（57.14%）。急诊科护士在情感枯竭、低个人成就感、去人性化三个方面得分显著高于其他科室护士,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 由于急诊科护士的特殊工作环境等因素,导致他们的职业倦怠显著高于其他科室,急诊护理人员应采取积极的心态应对,院领导应使用有效的解决措施,消除急诊科护士职业倦怠,促进护理水平提高。

Objective To investigate occupation burnout of nurses in Emergency Department of the Sixth People＇s Hospital in Huizhou City（＂our hospital＂ for short）, in order to put forward the coping strategies. Methods The Maslach job burnout scale was selected. Adopting self reporting form from the ＂emotional exhaustion＂, ＂low personal accomplishment＂, ＂depersonalization＂ three aspects to investigate the job burnout of 280 nurses from Emergency and Surgery Department, Internal Medicine Department, Pediatrics Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of our hospital,which included 5 items in emotional exhaustion, 11 points below was low, 11-15 points was moderate, above 15 points was high; individual low sense of achievement included 6 items, 18 points below was low, 18-22 points was medium,above 22 points was high; depersonalization contained 5 items, 8 points below was low, 8-12 above was medium, above12 points was high. The investigation results were recorded and compared between nurses in the Emergency Department and other departments. Results 56 Emergency Department nurses were investigated, high score of emotional exhaustion in 25 cases（44.64%）; high score of low personal accomplishment in 34 cases（60.71%）; high score of depersonalization in 32 cases（57.14%）. Scores of emotional exhaustion, low personal accomplishment, depersonalization in the Emergency Department nurses were significantly higher than the other departments nurse, the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Because of Emergency Department nurses in special working environment and other factors, led to their occupation burnout is significantly higher than other departments nurses. Emergency nursing staffs should take positive attitude to deal with, the hospital leaders should use effective solving measures, eliminate the occupation burnout of nurses in Emergency Department, to promote of nursing level.