国内外社区心理健康服务的比较研究

Comparative study of community mental health services between domestic and international

社区心理健康服务是维护社区居民心理健康的重要途径,如何为社区居民提供有效的社区心理健康服务,已经成为一个非常重要的课题。本文运用文献评价法,从社区心理健康服务的体系建设、现状及效果三方面对国内外的研究情况进行比较分析,结果发现相较于国外较为成熟的社区心理健康服务,目前我国的社区心理健康服务尚处于初步探索阶段,在人力配置、物质保障、宣传普及程度、服务形式及效果等方面都存在一些问题。本文借鉴国外社区心理健康服务的务实模式,提出符合我国国情的社区心理服务模式的建构设想,即构建社区心理健康服务的三级预防模式、重视专业队伍的建设、落实物质保障、提供多样的心理服务、探索科学的评估机制。

Community mental health services is an important way to maintain the mental health of community residents. It has become a very important issue that how to provide effective community mental health services. The results of comparison between domestic and international community mental health services show that some progress have been made in community mental health services development of China. However, from the aspect of system construction, status, as well as effect, find that China＇s current community mental health services is still in the exploration stage. There are large gaps between China and developed countries in staffing, material security, psychological education and service providing. Therefore, on the basis of combing the present national conditions, some advanced experience of foreign countries should be learned in order to promote community mental health services development in China, including a three-level prevention model should be built in community; should pay attention to building professional teams, implementing material security, providing a variety of psychological services and exploring scientific evaluation mechanism.