陕西省杨凌地区蔬菜中有机磷类农药污染状况

Contamination status of organic phosphorus pesticide on the vegetables in Yangling area of Shanxi Province

目的了解陕西省杨凌蔬菜中有机磷类农药施用及残留情况,为指导菜农合理用药提供依据。方法 2013年3月—2014年11月对杨凌农户种植即将上市蔬菜进行采样检测,采用气相色谱仪检测蔬菜中10种农药。结果 2年共采集了400份蔬菜样本,有机磷农药总检出率为7.50%,超标率为3.25%;叶菜类有机磷类农药残留检出率和超标率均最高,分别为10.00%和5.71%;夏季蔬菜有机磷类农药残留较高,检出率为10.91%,超标率6.36%;10种有机磷类农药中,甲胺磷检出率和超标率均最高,分别为1.75%和0.75%。结论杨凌蔬菜种植者仍存在滥用农药的情况。

[Objective]To understand the situation of application and residue of organic phosphorus pesticides on the vegetables in Yangling area of Shanxi Province,and provide evidence for guiding farmers to use pesticide reasonably.[Methods]Sample inspection was conducted on vegetables which were collected from farmers of Yangling and ready to market from Mar.2013-Nov. 2014. Gas chromatograph spectrometer was used to identify 10 kinds of pesticide. [Results]A total of 400 vegetable samples were collected in 2 years,with the total detectable rate of 7.50% in organic phosphorus pesticide and the over standard rate of 3.25%. It was highest in the detection rate（10.00%）and the over standard rate（5.71%）of organic phosphorus pesticide residues in leafy vegetables. Summer was the season with high detection rate（10.91%）and over standard rate（6.36%）forganic phosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables. Of 10 kinds of organic phosphorus pesticides,methamidophos had the highest detection rate（1.75%）and over standard rate（0.75%）. [Conclusion]The situation of abuses of pesticides exists among vegetables farmers in Yangling area.