新疆大型煤矿工作场所中职业病危害因素检测与分析

Detection and Analysis of occupational hazards in workplaces of large coal mines of Xinjiang

目的了解新疆大型煤矿职业病危害因素的浓度(或强度)。方法采用流行病学的方法,对新疆20家100×104 t/a以上大型煤矿工作场所中职业病危害因素进行检测与分析。结果新疆大型井工煤矿的掘进、采煤、运输、选煤及露天煤矿的选煤等工作场所中粉尘浓度及噪声强度合格率低;选煤厂工作场所中粉尘浓度合格率仅为12.5%,煤矿采煤场所总粉尘浓度可高达349.2 mg/m3,采煤场所噪声强度合格率仅为39.7%。检测的20家煤矿中,只有1家煤矿的井下工作场所中硫化氢及一氧化碳浓度超标,采煤场所一氧化碳浓度最高为56.5 mg/m3,硫化氢浓度最高为98.3 mg/m3;煤矿工作场所中一氧化碳及硫化氢浓度合格率均为95%,二氧化碳和二氧化氮浓度合格率均为100%。结论新疆100万t/a以上大型井工煤矿工作场所中粉尘浓度及噪声强度超标严重,露天煤矿工作场所中粉尘浓度、噪声强度及有毒气体浓度合格率均较高。

[Objective]To understand occupational hazards concentration（or intensity） of large coal mines in Xinjiang.[Methods]Epidemiology was applied to detect and analyze occupational hazards in workplaces of 20 100 ×104t/a large coal mines of Xinjiang. [Results]The qualified rates of dust concentration and noise intensity in workplaces of tunneling, mining,transportation,coal preparation and surface mine coal preparation and other workplace of large underground coal mines in Xinjiang were low. The qualified rate of dust concentration in the workplace of coal preparation plant was 12.5%. The total dust concentration in coal mining sites was up to 349.2 mg/m3. The qualified rate of noise intensity was only 39.7% in mining workplace. Of 20 coal mines,only 1 coal mine＇ hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide concentrations in the undergrounding workplace exceeded standards. The highest concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide was 56.5 mg/m3 and 98.3 mg/m3 in mining workplace. The qualified rates of carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide were both 95% and that of carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were both 100% in workplace of coal mine. [Conclusion]Dust concentration and noise intensity are over standards seriously in workplaces of over 100 ×104t/a large coal mines of Xinjiang. Qualified rates of dust concentration,noise intensity and toxic gas concentration are relatively high in workplaces of open coal mine.