上海市青浦区某汽车零部件制造企业电焊工人职业健康现状

Current situation of occupational health among welding workers in an auto parts manufacturing enterprise of Qingpu District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市青浦区某汽车零部件制造企业电焊作业工人健康状况,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法 2014年对上海青浦区某汽车零部件制造企业电焊作业环境职业病危害因素进行检测及在岗的电焊作业人员进行职业健康监护结果进行分析。结果在电焊作业岗位检测职业病危害因素有电焊烟尘、NO2、O3、Mn及其化合物和CO,各检测120份,其合格率均为100%,噪声的合格率为93.75%。其中,自动焊接岗位和手工焊接岗位职业病危害因素浓度在同一范围内(P>0.05)。健康监护定期随访复查人数占总人数的33.69%,均为听力受损;其中自动焊接岗位的定期随访复查人数占该岗位总人数的28.03%,且工龄≥1年的人数占69.57%;手工焊接岗位定期随访复查人数占该岗位人数47.27%,且工龄≥1年的为88.24%。结论该企业职业防护设施较好,但噪声及危害及存在。应断续加强管理和行为干预。

[ Objective ] To investigate the health status of welding workers in auto parts manufacturing enterprise of Qingpu District of Shanghai, provide the basis for formulating the prevention and control measures. [Methods] An auto parts manufacturing enterprise of Qingpu District of Shanghai was enrolled in this study. The occupational hazard factors in welding operation environment were detected, while the occupational health surveillance was performed among in-service welding workers, and the results were analyzed. [Results] The occupational hazard factors in welding operation were welding fumes, NO2, 03, manganese and its compounds and CO, 120 samples were detected for these factors respectively, and the qualified rate of all factors was 100% except that the qualified rate of noise was 93.75%. The automatic welding post and manual welding post had no significant differences in concentrations of occupational hazard factors （P〉0.05）. The workers who have received the regular follow-up and reexamination of health surveillance accounted for 33.69% of total workers, and all were hearing loss. The automatic welding workers received the regular follow-up and reexamination accounted for 28.03% of workers in this post, and the 69.57% of them had the length of service more than one year. The manual welding workers received the regular follow-up and reexamination accounted for 47.27% of workers in this post, and the 88.24% of them had the length of service more than one year. [ Conclusion ] The occupational protective equipment in this enterprise is satisfactory, but noise and its damage are serious. It is necessary to strengthen management and behavior interventions.