健康教育与健康促进伦理学问题的思考

Ethical Issues in Health Education and Health Promotion

健康教育与健康促进旨在通过促使人们采纳有益于健康的行为与生活方式预防疾病、增进健康,作为重要的公共卫生策略在世界范围已经得到广泛认可。健康教育与健康促进服务体现了"让社会中的每个人都有平等机会分享潜在利益"以及"实现公共利益最大化"的公正原则,其干预方法也最好地诠释了"不伤害原则"。但在开展健康教育与健康促进服务中,也面临着群体需求与个人需求、群体利益与个人利益、社会责任与自我决策、隐私保护与社会健康之间的相互矛盾。健康教育与健康促进需要本着维护个体权益与要求社会成员承担健康责任统一的原则开展工作。

Health education and health promotion aim at preventing diseases and promoting health by changing people＇s health related behavior and lifestyle. They have been recognized as essential public health strategies worldwide. Meanwhile, health education and health promotion service embody the justice principles of ＂equal chance of potential benefit for everyone＂ and ＂maximizing the public interest＂, of which interventions are also the best demonstration of ＂non- maleficence＂ principle. However, there are some mutual conflicts in the practice of health education and health promotion, including population needs versus individual needs, public interest versus individual benefit, social responsibility versus personal choice, as well as individual privacy versus public health. Therefore, the norm of integrating individual benefit protection with requirement of taking social responsibility on health should be implemented in health education and health promotion.