道家“辅自然而不敢为”的养生哲学探微

Philosophical Thoughts on Keeping in Good Health Naturally of Taoism

中国古代养生学启端于道家"重生"、"生死一如"的积极超拔的生命观,深受道家"道法自然"理念的影响。与道教方术推崇吐纳导引、炼丹服食等长生之术、企图"逆乎自然"超越生死大限不同,道家淡于生死,形成了"辅自然而不敢为"的"顺乎自然"的养生思想。道家无长生不老之妄念,将生死视作自然之运化,不喜生不恶死,随顺自然而动,反对人为干预自然的任何行为,包括人为刻意的益生之举,主张"不导引而寿"。养生之要在于"知道",顺应天地运化之规律而不加违逆,最终达到"天和"的境界。

The ancient Chinese health preserving thoughts originates lrom the positive ana ourstanamg laolst me wew~ ul ＂cherishing life＂ and ＂life and death are the same＂, which is also deeply influenced by the Taoist idea that ＂the law of the Tao is its being what it is＂. The Taoist health preserving theory of keeping in good health naturally undermines life and death, being different from the arts of necromancy which emphasizes pursuing immortal life with breath practice and alchemy. The idea of immortality in Taoism considers life and death as the nature operations, which are worth nothing to be happy and sad about. Meanwhile, any artificial intervention of nature including intentionally preserving human health should be abandoned. Taoism advocates the concept of ＂longevity without guiding the body＂ and the key idea of ＂understand Tao＂ for health preserving. It requires people to comply with the nature law and pursue ultimate realm of ＂integration of nature and human＂.