国家湿地公园旅游环境容量问题与调控——以杭州西溪湿地为例

Environmental Carrying Capacity for Tourism in the National Wetland Park and its Management: A Case Study of Hangzhou Xixi Wetland

国家湿地公园的旅游环境容量问题多来源于园区内部属性和游客行为之间的差异,国家湿地公园面积大、生态系统独特,园区空间布局、管理制度、主题商品与设施建设、服务方面的不合理、不完善导致了局部时段性的超载现象,宜采取以游客行为为导向的容量调控模式(TBCC),从加强园区自身建设和管理入手调控游客空间流动,从内部提升视角解决容量超载问题,实现游客体验、环境保护、科普教育等多功能为一体的湿地公园建设目标。

This paper presents an analysis of the environmental carrying capacity for tourism in the national wetland park in China with Xixi wetland in Hangzhou city as a typical case. Results showed that the pressure on environmental carrying capacity for tourism in the park was largely caused by the mismatch of internal attributes with tourists behaviors. Usually National Wetland Parks have large area and unique ecosystem. The incompleteness and irrationalness of spatial configuration, management system, themes of attractions, facilities and services caused overload in some locations and at some times. Tourist behavior-based capacity control（TBCC） can be taken to solve the problem of overload. TBCC model manages spatial flow of tourists by strengthening the construction of the park. The multiple purposes of tourist experiences, environmental protection and science education can then be integrated into a complete system.