近20年东洞庭湖冬季水禽栖息地变化研究

Changes in Winter Habitat for Waterfowl in Eastern Dongting Lake Nature Reserve Nearly Two Decades

利用卫星遥感技术和GIS空间分析功能对1989年、2000年、2013年东洞庭湖的水禽栖息地变化进行了研究。结果表明:1989-2013年水体面积有小幅增长,泥滩地保留率仅24.01%,芦苇滩地和草滩地之间存在相互转化;20年间自然湿地增加明显,其中草滩地演变为芦苇滩地的变化最为突出。1989-2013年适宜栖息地增长率为12.2%,减少率为21.0%,总体呈退化趋势。分析了近20年东洞庭湖湿地变化的原因以及对湿地水禽带来的影响,为东洞庭湖湿地水禽生境保护提供依据。

The impact of human activities on the natural environment and wetlands will ultimately affect the distribution of waterfowl, and it even affects the entire ecosystem. In this paper, satellite remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis was integrated to detect the changes of Eastern Dongting Lake waterfowl habitat in 1989, 2000, 2013. The results showed that water area increased slightly during the period. At the same time, mudflats retaining rate was only 24.01% and there were inter-transform between grass beaches and marsh reeds. There was evident increase of natural wetland during the past 20 years, most significantly the transition of grass beaches to marsh reeds. The annual growth rate of habitat area was 12.2%, and the annual decrease rate was 21.0% during 1989 to 2013, indicating an overall trend of degradation. The analysis of changes and underlying reasons of wetlands in Eastern Dongting Lake in the past 20 years help us to understand the impact on waterfowl habitat of the wetland.