内蒙古桃-阿海子的生境演替与水鸟群落的兴衰

Habitat Succession and Development of Waterbird Population in Tiaolimiao-Alashan Lake in Inner Mongolia

桃力庙-阿拉善湾海子是内蒙古西部鄂尔多斯高原上一个水面曾为10 km2的荒漠咸水湖泊,因其在20世纪90年代承载了遗鸥最大繁殖群,于2002年被认定为全球第1148号国际重要湿地。随后,干旱少雨加之严重的人为干扰使桃-阿海子趋于干涸,遗鸥繁殖群于2004年放弃该地点而迁居他地,2005年当地水鸟群落彻底消失。数年后,桃-阿海子干涸湖底发育起碱蓬群落。自2011年蓑羽鹤在其间营巢繁殖,且数量逐年增多,并出现蓑羽鹤非繁殖群在此停歇与栖居。在鄂尔多斯高原东部已干涸的湖泊中,桃-阿海子是唯一一处在其湖底碱蓬群落发育后进而成为大型鸟类繁殖与栖息生境的地点,它将以何种方式演替值得关注。

The Tiaolimiao-Alashan lake, simply called the T-A Nur and a 10 km2 brackish lake located in Ordos plateau of Western Inner Mongolia, was recognized in 2002 the No. 1148 Ramsar Site due to it had been supporting the far known largest breeding colony of the Relict Gull（Larus relictus） during the whole 1990 s. Then, drought, plus severe human disturbance, made the Nur to be almost dried out, and the whole breeding colony of the gull moved to other places in 2004, meanwhile, the waterbird population was entirely disappeared in 2005. After in silence for years, Suaeda population developed at the bottom of the lake, and the Demoiselle Cranes（Grus virgo） started nesting there since 2011 and the number of Cranes increased year by year. Besides, some nonbreeding cranes, up to over 80 in 2014, also gathered there in summer. Amongst those dried lakes in eastern Ordos plateau, T-A Nur is so far the only location that the developing Suaeda population could become the habitat for large birds to inhabit and breed. More attention will be paid to future succession of the T-A Nur.