基于生态系统服务的洞庭湖湿地生态保护

Ecosystem-service Based Ecological Protection for Dongting Lake Wetlands

基于洞庭湖湿地水文监测数据、洞庭湖湿地遥感卫星数据、湿地越冬水鸟观测数据及文献综述,对洞庭湖湿地主要生态环境变化进行了分析。结果表明:1近20年,城陵矶10月水位表现为显著下降趋势(Z=-2.26,p<0.05),枯水期其它月份(11月-翌年3月)无显著变化趋势(p>0.05);2受人类活动和水位变化影响,各湿地类型在1987-2011年整个时间序列变化较为复杂,而在空间上表现为相对稳定的分布规律;3 2005-2014年越冬水鸟数量和多样性指数无显著变化趋势(p>0.05);4湿地退化会影响生态系统服务的供给能力及受益者的实际需求(使用)量。基于以上分析结果,探讨了洞庭湖湿地生态保护的重要性及现有研究在管理层面应用的局限性,并基于文献综述提出使用适合于洞庭湖湿地生态系统管理的驱动力-压力-状态-生态系统服务-响应(DPSER)框架。主要目标是使洞庭湖湿地生态服务由认知走向管理实践。

Dongting Lake provides a great diversity of ecosystem services needed to sustain human livelihoods and socio-economic development. Despite the crucial role it plays in delivering ecosystem services and supporting human well-being, Dongting Lake is one of the most extensively and rapidly altered lakes in China due to human disturbances and natural variability. Ecosystem service based management （ESBM） is proposed as a decision-making strategy to help managers evaluate the different needs of multiple stakeholders. Yet the implementation of the ESBM requires cross-sector and transdisciplinary cooperation to ifll the data gaps in clarifying tradeoffs among ecosystem services and the marginal inlfuence of ecosystem structures and processes on ecosystem services. In this paper, we first used the hydrological monitoring data, satellite monitoring data, winter-bird survey data, ifeld survey, and literature review to assess the importance of Dongting Lake ecological protection. The main results of the data analysis were： 1） in recent two decades, water level in October at Chenglingji station presented significant downward trend （Z=-2.26 p〈0.05）, while water level in the other drying periods （November to March） presented insignificant changing trend （p〉0.05）; 2） the complicated variation of the wetland types from 1987 to 2010 can be mainly contributed to the human activities and water level fluctuation. Compared to the temporal trend, the spatial distribution characterization of the wetland types are relatively stable; 3） the number and diversity index of the winter birds from 2005 to 2014 presented insigniifcant changing trend （p〉0.05）;4） wetland degradation could influence the capacities of the ecosystems to supply services for human well-being. Based on the importance of Dongting Lake wetland protection, we proposed incorporating the ecosystems services into DPSIR framework to explore wetland protection and conservation strategies of Dongting Lake. The overall objective of this paper is to improve the credibility and scalability of ecosystem service measurement and valuation to quantify ecosystem services tradeoffs and design ecological compensation strategies to improve decision-making.