玛纳斯河流域春季雪层参数特性分析

Analysis of snow layer parameters in Manasi River Basin

采用2014年春季野外观测的新疆玛纳斯河流域积雪物理特性数据(积雪深度、积雪密度、体积含水量、雪层温度),分析了流域融雪期的积雪参数特征,及其在垂直剖面上的廓线分布.结果表明:(1)研究区在融雪期的积雪随着深度的增加而温度逐渐降低,部分地区积雪保温作用明显,保温层位于雪表层下约10cm位置;(2)流域北部低山区雪密度随着积雪深度的增加逐步减小,高山区和亚高山区雪密度的垂直廓线呈现为中部大、积雪表层和底部小的分布特征;(3)北部低山区积雪体积含水量高于高山区和亚高山区,垂直廓线呈单峰曲线,峰值距雪表面约12cm;南部高山区和亚高山区积雪以潮雪为主,雪层含水量存在层位变化.

The snow features within the snow cover profiles in the unstable period were discussed,based on the data collected from Manasi River Basin,Xinjiang Province in spring of 2014.It is found that the snow temperature reduces with the increase of snow depth.The heat-preserving effect of snow is significant in some area,and the heat-preserving layers locate in the depth of proximity 10 cm.The snow density reduces with the increase of snow depth in north low mountain area of Manasi River basin during the unstable period,while the snow density at the top and bottom is smaller than that at the middle in south high mountain and subalpine area of the basin.The liquid water content in low mountain area is larger than that in high mountainous and subalpine area,and the maximum liquid water content takes place at 12 cm below the surface.The liquid water content varies obviously between layers in south high altitude area,which is covered by slight wet snow.