基于DEA的中国装备制造业R&D效率测度——以上市公司为例

Measurement of R&D efficiency on China's equipment manufacturing industry based on DEA

装备制造业是为各行业生产提供技术装备的战略性产业,是我国经济未来持续健康发展的基石,其研发效率的高低尤为重要。基于此,文中以装备制造业上市公司为研究对象,运用数据包络分析方法,从R&D综合效率、纯技术效率、规模效率、研发效率与企业规模的关系以及投入产出冗余等方面进行研发效率的测度与分析,发现我国装备制造业上市公司研发效率的整体水平偏低,纯技术效率和规模效率普遍较低导致了研发综合效率处于较低的阶段;规模大的企业研发效率较高;大部分企业研发活动的管理水平较为落后,造成企业投入过量但产出不足的状态。因此,文中提出鼓励不同规模企业选择多元化创新模式、改善研发创新管理机制、加强研发合作等建议,以提高装备制造业上市公司的研发效率。

As a strategic industry to provide technical equipment for various industries in China, equip- ment manufacturing industry is a cornerstone for the sustainable and healthy development of our future e- conomy, so the efficiency of R＆D level is particularly important. Taking a listed company in the equip- ment manufacturing industry as a research object, we measure and analyze the efficiency of R＆D from the relationship between enterprise-scale and R＆D overall efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale ef- ficiency, R＆D efficiency and input-output redundancy. We found that the R＆D efficiency of China＇ s e- quipment manufacturing industry listed company reached an overall low level, the general low value of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency made R＆D efficiency maintain a lower stage;R＆D effi- ciency is higher in large-scale enterprises;the majority of R＆D activities management level is relatively backward, causing businesses to invest excess with insufficient output. This paper proposes that enterpri- ses of different sizes should be encouraged to select a diversified innovation model, improve the manage- ment mechanism of research and innovation, and enhance the cooperation of research and development in order to improve the R＆D efficiency of equipment manufacturing industry hsted company.