生肌调节因子及肌生成调控因素研究进展

Research Progress on Regulation Factors of Myogenic Regulatory Factors and Myogenesis

生肌调节因子(myogenic regulatory factors,MRFs)是调控肌肉生成的重要基因,家族中包括MyoD、MyoG、Myf5和Myf6。MyoD能把多种类型细胞转化为成肌细胞,在肌肉特异基因转录调控中起着总开关作用;MyoG的表达能够控制成肌细胞融合的起始,促使成肌细胞增殖;Myf5协同MyoD在肌肉形成过程中发挥作用,而Myf6与MyoG共同控制肌肉分化。研究表明,MRFs家族基因的表达与肉用动物的产肉性能和肉质性状密切相关,遗传、营养和环境等因素对该家族基因的表达水平有显著影响。作者综述了MRFs家族的结构与功能、基因表达与活性调节以及营养、光照、温度、运动和活性物质等因素对该家族成员基因活性和肌生成的调控作用,以期为建立动物肌肉发育调控技术奠定理论基础。

Myogenic regulatory factors（MRFs）are important genes controlling myogenesis,including MyoD,MyoG,Myf5 and Myf6.MyoD is able to convert nonmyogenic fibroblast cells into myogenic cells,being a master regulatory gene in the process of muscle specified transcription;MyoG can control the start of myoblasts fusion,and induce myoblasts proliferation;Myf5works in coordination with MyoD in regulating myogenesis,and Myf6 cooperates with MyoG to control myoblast determination.Studies indicate that the expression profiles of MRFs are closely related to meat production and meat quality in meat-type livestock,and the gene activity can be significantly affected by genetic,nutrition and environment.This article reviewed that the structure,function,expression profile and activity regulation of MRFs and the extrinsic regulation functions of nutrition,light,temperature,exercise and active factors on the gene activity of MRFs and myogenesis,aiming to provide the theory basis for manipulating the muscle development of animals.