甘肃榆中县奶牛球虫病流行病学调查与虫种鉴定

Epidemiologic Survey and Species Determination of Coccidia Infection in Dairy Cattle in Yuzhong,Gansu Province

奶牛球虫病呈世界性分布,中国部分省市也有报道,但是甘肃省至今尚未有关于奶牛球虫病的相关调查。甘肃省榆中县是甘肃省奶牛主产区之一,为了解甘肃省榆中县奶牛球虫感染情况,对当地6个规模化奶牛养殖场1岁以内荷斯坦奶牛犊牛球虫感染情况进行了调查。试验采用显微镜下观察的方法检测了该地区的234份奶牛粪便样品,并对球虫阳性粪便进行重铬酸钾法孵化来鉴定球虫种类。结果发现,犊牛球虫总感染率达到46.15%,其中1-3月龄犊牛平均感染率为52.43%,4-6月龄犊牛平均感染率为37.50%,7-12月龄犊牛平均感染率为43.37%。经虫种鉴定,共发现7种艾美尔属球虫和1种等孢属球虫,7种艾美尔属球虫分别是牛艾美尔球虫（Eimeria bovis）、奥博艾美尔球虫（Eimeria auburnensis）、邱氏艾美尔球虫（Eimeria zuernii）、阿拉巴艾美尔球虫（Eimeria alabamensis）、亚球形艾美尔球虫（Eimeria subspherica）、椭圆艾美尔球虫（Eimeria ellipsoidalli）、加拿大艾美尔球虫（Eimeria canadensis）,其中牛艾美尔球虫、奥博艾美尔球虫、邱氏艾美尔球虫为优势种。本次调查结果表明,甘肃省榆中县奶牛球虫感染情况严重,应引起相关部门重视。

This investigation aimed to examine coccidia infection in diary cattle in Yuzhong,Gansu province.An investigation was carried out on the Holstein calves less than one year old in six large-scale dairy farms.A total of 234 fecal samples were examined,and oocysts were identified to the species level on the basis of morphological features after positive samples were mixed thoroughly with 2.5% potassium dichromate solution.The results showed that the prevalence rate of coccidia in Holstein calves reached 46.15%.The average prevalence rate of the calves under 3months old was 52.43%,the 4to 6months old calves was 37.50% and the 7to 12 months oldcalves was 43.37%.Seven species of Eimeria coccidians and one species Isospora sp.including Eimeria bovis,Eimeria auburnensis,Eimeria zuernii,Eimeria alabamensis,Eimeria subspherica,Eimeria ellipsoidalli,Eimeria canadensis,were identified in the investigation,and Eimeria bovis,Eimeria auburnensis,Eimeria zuernii were the dominant species.In conclusion,the prevalence rate of coccidiosis in dairy cattles in Yuzhong,Gansu province was high.Therefore,appropriate strategies and measures should be taken to control coccidiosis prevalence in dairy cows in this region.