日语形式名词「もの」的语法化现象研究

A Study on the Grammaticalization of Japanese Formal Noun “ もの ”

本文以「もの」为例,从语法化的观点出发,考察了形式名词的语法化现象。形式名词「もの」发生语法化的最大动因是其意义的淡化,与「だ」结合用于句尾时往往语法化为助动词。助动词「ものだ」可以表达"本质属性""命令""回想"和"感叹"的意义。这四个意义并非同时产生,而是经历了一定的演变过程。四种意义用法中的「ものだ」按照"本质属性→命令、回想→感叹"的顺序,语法化程度依次升高。

Taking ＂ もの ＂（thing） as an example, this paper studies the grammaticalization of Japanese formal nouns. The biggest cause of the grammaticalization of ＂ もの ＂ is its weakening meaning. ＂ もの ＂ often changes into an auxiliary verb when it is combined with ＂ だ ＂ and used at the end of a sentence. The auxiliary verb ＂ ものだ ＂can help express four meanings： ＂essential attributes＂, ＂instructing＂, ＂recalling＂ and ＂exclamation＂. The four meanings did not occur at the same time, but have experienced a certain evolution process. The grammaticalization degree of ＂ ものだ ＂ increases in accordance with the order of ＂essential attributes → instructing, recalling → exclamation＂.