志承往圣,以开来学——论来知德的治学思想

Inheriting the Aspirations of the Sages for Further Learning to Later Generations: Lai Zhide's Ideas of Scholarship

明代学者来知德以"愿学孔子"为人生信条,认为"圣人可学,公卿难到",批判科举制度下学者重名利的现象,而自己始终乐道甘贫,重视将圣人之道付诸于实践。来氏认为读书当有所思,提出"识痛痒"的见解,强调个人体悟,重视环境对人的影响。来知德的治学思想体现了他在读书学习过程中的人格践行。

The scholar Lai Zhide in Ming dynasty makes the saying＂to learn from Confucius＂as his life credo. He thinks ＂saint can be learned,but aristocracy is difficult to be＂and criticizes the phenomenon that the scholars focus on their fame and fortune under the imperial examination system. He always enjoys poverty and puts the Confucian thoughts into practice. Lai Zhide considers that reading in the thinking is necessary,puts forward the opinion of ＂Shi-tong-yang＂,emphasizes personal insight and attaches great importance to the environmental effects on people. Lai Zhide＇s ideas of scholarship reflect on his personality practice in the process of reading and studying.