表示能力的“能”“会”“可以”

Representing Ability by “Neng”,“Hui ”and “Keyi”

"能""会""可以"在表示"能力"义时各有自己的分布范围和语义侧重点。句法上,表示能力的"会"前面可以加范围副词"只/仅",而"能""可以"前面加"只/仅"表许可义,不表能力义。语义语用上,"能"表示的能力是受限定的,"会"表示的能力则有"通性"的性质,而"可以"表示的能力强调客观上无妨碍。

The most important common meaning among ＂Neng＂,＂Hui＂and＂Keyi＂as auxiliary verbs is ＂ability＂. In the meanwhile,they pay their attention to different aspects when expressing this meaning. From perspective of syntax,adding ＂Zhi＂or ＂Jin ＂in front of ＂Hui＂represents that somebody has the ability to do a certain thing while adding ＂Zhi ＂or ＂Jin ＂in front of ＂Neng ＂and ＂Keyi＂means that somebody is permitted to do something. From perspective of semantics and pragmatics,the ability expressed by ＂Neng＂is limited,the ability expressed by ＂Hui＂is general while the ability expressed by ＂Keyi＂emphasizes being unobstructed.