纲常与现实:清代中期影响妇女再婚的多重因素

Feudal Ethnics and Reality: Multiple Factors Influenced Women's Decision on Remarriage in Mid-Qing Dynasty

清代中期,受多种因素制约,丧夫寡居妇女在再婚的选择上面临来自律令和家族势力的影响。法律条文对再婚妇女的婚姻选择并没有强制性的约束,而宗族习惯和家庭处境现实才是决定妇女再婚的主要因素。妇女再婚呈现出上下层的阶级差异化选择,有守节和改嫁两种方式,但这样的选择不一定都出于妇女的自愿。再婚妇女选择守节抑或改嫁,是宗族家庭内部相互博弈和相互妥协的结果。

In mid-Qing Dynasty,widow women＇s choice of marriage was restricted by numerous factors,including laws and decrees,as well as family powers. Such choice of marriage was not forcefully restricted by law; rather,clan traditions and familial situation were the crucial influences. Presented with class differences,widow women＇s choice of marriage mainly had two kinds： to preserve chastity or to remarry. However,neither of the two were voluntary for them; they were forced to preserve chastity or remarry. Their final decision whether to preserve chastity or to remarry was made after conflicts were resolved and compromises were gained inside their family.