煤矿安全规制对煤炭行业生产率影响的实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Coal Mine Safety Regulation on Coal Industry's TFP

煤矿安全规制强度的动态优化和行业生产率提升成为当前煤炭行业发展亟待解决的关键问题,合理管控二者关系是实现煤矿安全与效益"双赢"的必由之路。本文从理论上首次分析了煤矿安全规制对煤炭行业生产率的影响机制,并在应用MML生产率指数方法对中国煤炭行业生产率进行准确评价的基础上进行了实证分析。研究发现,煤矿安全规制对煤炭行业生产率存在"倒U型"影响,规制强度高时企业规制遵从成本高,规制强度低时企业事故成本高,都会导致较低的生产率;煤矿安全规制对行业生产率的影响取决于规制遵从导致的挤占效应和生产环境改善带来的生产促进效应的叠加。同时,煤矿安全规制对煤炭行业生产率的影响存在显著的区域性差异,高产量地区和中西部地区的煤炭行业生产率易受到规制政策变动的影响。因此,应进一步优化煤矿安全规制体制,制定合理适中的煤矿安全规制标准和差异化的安全规制政策,使其对煤炭行业生产率发挥正向促进作用,统筹处理好煤矿安全规制和行业生产率的关系。

The dynamic optimization of coal mine safety regulation and the coal industry productivity improvement have become a key problem urgently to be solved in current coal industry. A reasonable control of the relationship between them is the only way to realize the win-win situation between the coal mine safety and benefit. This paper analyzes the theoretical influence mechanism of coal mine safety regulation on the coal industry productivity for the first time. And on a basis of applying MML indicator to evaluate the TFP of coal industry accurately, this paper makes an empirical research. The study shows that China＇s coal mine safety regulation has an inverted U-shaped influence on the productivity of coal industry. Both the higher safety regulation intensity which has a higher regulation compliance cost and the lower safety regulation intensity which has a higher accident cost will lead to lower productivity. The impact of the safety regulation degree on the coal industry＇s TFP depends on the aggregation of the crowding-out effect caused by regulatory compliance and the motivating effect because of production environment＇s improvement. In addition, the impact of the safety regulation degree on the coal industry＇s TFP has a significant regional difference. The coal industry in both the higher outputs region and the midwest region are susceptible. Consequently, this paper suggests that the government should optimize the coal mine safety regulation system, make a moderate regulation standard reasonably and differentiated safety regulation policy to facilitate productivity improvement and deal with the relationship of the coal mine safety regulation and the productivity.