关于气候变化背景下国际贸易的思考

The Consideration about International Trade under the Background of Climate Change

气候变化作为经济全球化和国际贸易的大背景,必然会对国际贸易产生影响。发达国家碳排放已趋平稳,中国因经济快速发展,碳排放总量和人均量呈上升趋势,但人均量仍低于发达国家。气候变化及其应对对国际贸易具有结构升级、先进技术扩散、运输方式优化、内涵能源减少等方面的有利影响,以及削弱相对优势、挤压市场空间、引发贸易摩擦和加剧污染转移等方面的不利影响。气候变化背景下,提出应推动国际贸易的低碳化、建立互利共赢贸易机制、转变经济增长方式、优化贸易发展等措施和建议。

As the general background of economic globalization and international trade, climate change has a certain impact on the international trade. C02 emissions in developed countries have become stable, while due to the rapid economic development, China＇s C02 total emissions and per capita emissions are on the rise, however the per capita emissions are still lower than those of developed countries. Climate change and its resolution have favorable effects on the international trade, including structure upgrading, advanced technologies diffusion, transport mode optimization, embodied energy reduction and so on, while the unfavorable effects include weakening relative advantage, squeezing market space, leading to trade friction, intensifying pollution transfer and other aspects. Thus under the background of climate change, suggestions should be taken to promote the low carbonization of international trade, to establish a mutually beneficial and win-win trade mechanism, to transfer economic growth mode and to optimize the trade development.