《出版法》的修正:国家与报界关系之递嬗(1928—1937)

Amendment of the Press Law:Changing Relationships between the State and the Press(1928-1937)

本文以报界对1935、1937年《修正出版法》的不同态度为线索,尝试揭示1928—1937年国家与报界关系之递嬗。此一时期二者的关系并不是一个国家全力干预报界、报界全力抵制国家的问题。训政初期,国家与报界的关系尚处于磨合探索阶段。九一八事变发生后,国家不断强化对报界的规训和干预,报界奋起抵制,二者走向紧张对立的状态。随着国难日亟,报界的民族主义高涨,为了国族利益,暂时压抑了自由主义的诉求,向国家让渡部分权利。同时,国家政策的调整,均使得二者关系转向缓和。更进一步,国家与报界在"国族利益"的认知上渐趋接近,最终形成了团结御侮的局面。由磨合至紧张至缓和再至合作的多次嬗变,显示了这一时期国家与报界关系的多维性和复杂性。

In this paper we point out the different attitudes of the Press towards the Press Law Amendment in 1935 ＆ 1937, which implies the changing relationships between the State and the Press from 1928 to 1937 in China. During this period, the relationship between them was not mean that the State lent full intervened the Press, while the latter resisted the former at the same time. Because of the Political Tutelage and Mukden Incident, the State strengthened its control over the Press, which caused the resistance of the latter. Therefore, their relationship was strained. Due to the increasing national crisis and nationalism, the Press restrained the appeal to liberalism. Meanwhile, the State adjusted the policies toward Japan and the Press. Their relations have eased. At last, they have reached a consensus on national interest. In summary, this paper reveals the multi-dimensional and complexity of the relationships between the State and the Press in this period.