不同血液成分输血不良反应调查与分析

An Analysis of the Adverse Reactions in Blood Components Transfusion

目的回顾分析不同血液成分输血不良反应的发生率，探讨相应的预防措施。方法收集本院2008-2013年输血不良反应回报单，统计分析各类血液成分输血不良反应的情况。结果71528例受血者中99例发生了输血不良反应，发生率0．14％。其中发热反应14例，占14．1％，过敏反应77例，占77．8％，其他反应8例，占8．1％，没有发生溶血反应；各种血液成分输血不良反应发生情况为：少白红细胞14例，占14．1％，血浆23例，占23．2％，冷沉淀14例，占14．1％，血小板48例，占48．5％。结论性别对患者输血不良反应的发生率无影响，输血史、妊娠史及血液成分对输血不良反应的发生率有影响。输注血小板发生不良反应最高，输注少白红细胞不良反应最低。加强临床用血管理，严格掌握输血指征，应用先进的技术，可降低输血不良反应的发生率，提高输血安全性。

Objective To perform retrospective analysis of the occurence rate of adverse reactions in various blood component transfusions, and explore the according preventive measures. Methods Report forms were collected and adverse reactions were analysed in various blood components transfusions. Results 99 cases of adverse transfusion reactions were found in 71 528 cases of blood recipients, and the incidence rate was 0. 14%. Among them, 14 cases had fever, accounting for 14.1%, and 77 cases had allergic reaction, accounting for 77.8%, and 8 （8.1%） cases of other reactions were observed. No hemolytic reactions were recorded. Transfusions in 14（14. 1%）cases of leukocytes-reduced red blood cells, 23（23.2%）cases of plasma, 14（14. 1%）cases of cold precipitation , and 48 （48.5%） cases of platelet were found to be closely correlated to the adverse reactions. Conclusion Gender has no effect on the occurrence of the adverse transfusion reactions ,while the history of blood transfusion, pregnancy, and blood components transfusions have impacts on adverse transfusion reactions of patients. In contrast to transfusion of leukocytes-reduced red blood cells, patients with platelets transfusion predispose to the adverse reactions. The strict management of blood transfusion including control of transfusion indications would be crucial for enhancing the safety of blood transfusion.