论美国养老保障制度改革的核心理念——兼论对我国的启示

On the Core Idea of the Reform of America Old-age Security System——And Its Enlightenment to China

文章通过考察美国养老保障制度自20世纪80年代以来的改革过程,提炼了其改革的基本理念,得出的基本结论是:美国养老保障制度的改革坚持以效率为本位、兼顾公平的价值取向,在改革中始终坚持选择主义的养老保障资格限定机制,以效率为目标的养老保障财务运行模式,低水平的养老保障给付水平;在政府、市场与社会机制的功能与定位上,着力建立小政府、大市场、泛社会的权责分担机制,发展层次化的养老保障体系结构,建立多渠道的养老保障资金筹集和支出机制以及分权型的养老保障管理体制。带给我们的启示是:辩证地吸收、合理地借鉴美国的经验和教训,在改革和发展中国特色的社会主义养老保障制度过程中,要建立多元化的养老保障体系;提高管理和运营效率;建立水平适度的养老保障制度。

In this paper, we studied the reform process of the United States of America since 1980s, and refined the basic concepts of its reform. Our basic conclusion is that the reform of pension system of America adheres to the efficiency as the standard, giving consideration to fair value orientation. In the process of reform it always adheres to choose principle of old-age security qualifi- cation mechanism, financial operation mode of old-age security to efficiency as the goal, the low level of pension payment level.At the function and the orientation of government, market and social mechanisms,America focus on the establishment of small government, big market, extensive social responsibility sharing mechanism, the old-age security system of hierarchy, multi channel fund raising and spending on old-age security mechanism, the old-age security system of decentralized management system. The lesson is that we should absorb dialectically, reasonable to draw the experience and lessons from America. In the reform and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics during the pension system, we should es-tablish a diversified pension system, improve management and operational efficiency and establish an appropriate level of pension system.