2009-2012年重庆市麻疹流行特征分析

Measles epidemiological characteristics of Chongqing, 2009-2012

目的分析重庆市2009-2012年麻疹流行病学特征,为制定控制措施提供依据。方法对重庆市2009-2012年间1 128例麻疹病例进行描述流行病学分析。结果重庆市2009-2012年麻疹发病总体呈下降趋势,2011年报告发病率0.298/10万,达到历史最低,2012年发病率（0.33/10万）略有上升。全市麻疹年龄别发病率均以〈5岁组最高,之后随着年龄增大而下降,在20~34岁成人组存在一个发病小高峰。〈2岁病例所占比例逐年增加。含麻疹成份疫苗（MCV）免疫史≥2剂、1剂、0剂和免疫史不详的比例分别为8.37%、12.33%、49.30%和30%。流动人口发病平均比例为14.07%。结论重庆市预防控制麻疹成效显著。应将提高适龄儿童及时、全程接种率作为核心免疫措施,加强成人麻疹控制策略研究,采取综合防控措施降低流动人口麻疹发病。

Objective This study is to analyze measles epidemiological characteristics of Chongqing during 2009-2012,and provide evidence for making strategies and measures of measles elimination. Method 1 128 measles cases in Chongqing（2009-2012） were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methodology. Results Measles reported incidence rate was declined annually, with 0.298 per 100,000 population in 2011,the historically lowest level ever reported. Higher incidence rate（0.33 / 100 000） was reported in 2012. The highest measles incidence occurred among children aged 〈5 years old, and then declined with age; an incidence peak was existed among adults in 20 ~34 years age group. Proportion of measles cases in age 〈2 years old increased year by year. Proportions of measles-containing vaccine（MCV） vaccine history of≥2 doses, 1 dose,0 dose and unknown were 8.37%,12.33%,49.30% and 30% respectively. Mean proportion of measles cases of migrant people was 14.07%. Conclusions Chongqing has made substantial progress toward measles elimination.High levels of population immunity through timely administered 2 doses of MCV in new cohorts should be maintained and additional efforts are needed to control measles in adults and migrant people.