欧盟民商事判决承认与执行制度:发展与变革——2012年《布鲁塞尔条例Ⅰ》(重订本)介评

The system of EU civil and commercial judgment recognition and enforcement: development and change

2001年《布鲁塞尔条例I》是在《阿姆斯特丹条约》生效以后,由《布鲁塞尔公约》转化而来,是欧盟民商事判决承认与执行的基本法。随着欧盟内部市场统一化的新一轮发展,司法合作以及成员国之间互信程度已趋于成熟,但在跨界民商事交往中,判决承认和执行所花费的时间以及经济成本阻碍了判决在欧盟境内的自由流动。基于此,欧盟于2009年启动了对2001年《布鲁塞尔条例I》的修订,并于2012年12月12日通过。在判决承认与执行部分做了大幅度修改:判决的承认部分新增了对"援引一国判决"的承认;判决执行部分,在必要保障措施基础上,废除了审查程序。分析2012年《布鲁塞尔条例I》(重订本)的制定过程以及判决承认与执行部分的修改,并在此基础上概括其对欧盟民商事领域判决承认与执行的贡献。

After Amsterdam Treaty entered into force, Brussels Convention was replaced by Brussels Regulation I,becoming the basic law of the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters in EU. Along with the new round of unitizing in EU internal market, judicial cooperation and the level of trust among member states have reached a degree of maturity, with these conditions, EU began to revise 2001 Brussels Regulation I in 2009, and passed the recast in Dec 12 of 2012. The area of recognition and enforcement of the judgments changed substantially： added for ＂a judgment invoked＂recognition; for enforcement, abolition of the exequatur procedure when accompanied by necessary safeguards; besides, reasons for refusing the recognition applied to enforcement. This article analyzes policy-making process and the new rules of 2012 Brussels Regulation, points out its contribution to the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters of EU.