摘要
闸坝建设可以有众多的理由,世界各国都争先恐后的建设闸坝。但闸坝的拆除却阻力重重,全球各地迄今为止,人工主动拆除的大中型闸坝几乎为零,中小型闸坝的拆除才刚刚起步。美国建设闸坝超过8.7万座,随着社会发展的需要,1912-2013年百余年间美国共拆除闸坝1 108座,是世界上拆坝最多的国家。通过汇总分析,美国的拆坝原因可划分为5大类:生态修复、经济因素、安全保障、拆除重建和拆除违规建筑闸坝。其中,生态修复、经济因素、安全保障是美国拆坝的3个主要驱动因素,占到拆坝数量的97.9%。通过对美国拆坝主要原因进行分析,以实例的形式论述了生态、经济及安全因素如何成为美国拆坝的主要动因,对我国今后的拆坝工作具有宝贵的指导与借鉴意义。
There are so many reasons for building dams ,and building dams is a popular project throughout the world .But ,dam re‐moval is still confronted with lots of difficulties .People almost never take the initiative to remove large and medium-sized dams ,and the removal of small dams is just starting .The United States has more than 87 ,000 dams by now ,along with the needs of social de‐velopment ,this country removed 1 108 dams from 1912 to 2013 .Irrespective of the number and the research levels about dam re‐moval ,the U .S .is leading the position .The reasons for dam removal include ecological restoration ,cost-saving ,security ,rebuil‐ding ,and unauthorized dams ,among which ,ecology restoration ,cost-saving ,and security are the main driving factors ,which ac‐count for 97 .9% .An analysis of the reasons and typical cases of dam removal in the U .S .has some guidance and reference signifi‐cance to our future dam removal .
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2015年第9期135-138,143,共5页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2013ZX07501-004)
国家自然科学基金项目(51479212)
