国学如何走向开放与自由

Chinese Learning Reconsidered: How to Approach to Openness and Freedom

中国的国学正有缓慢复振之势。这当然是一个良好的机遇,缘此作为人类宝贵财富的中国传统文化,特别是它的学术文化,便有可能恢复它的活力,从而既帮助中国改善它的文化失范状态,也帮助世界改善日趋单极化的现状。不过,在这"机遇"中间也蕴藏着某种"危险",或许正因此,在中文里"危"和"机"才总是被连用。为此,作者发展了冯友兰所谓"照着讲"和"接着讲"的说法,提出根据解释学的基本原理,所有的"照着讲"都只能是"接着讲",而在当今的全球化形势下,所有的"接着讲"又都只能是"对着讲"。如能做到这一点,那么尽管在一方面,当前国学的高涨也理应意味着对于某种价值支点的保守,然而在另一方面,这同样理应意味着对于世界文化的关切与吸纳。沿着这条思路,作者又继续发挥出所谓"小空间"与"大空间"、"文化之因"与"文化之果"的辩证框架,来探讨在"多元与自由"、"保守与开放"之间的弹性关系。值得一提的是,这种立场跟作者目前任职的清华国学院,在精神上是一脉相承的。

Chinese learning is reviving at a slow pace, which means a chance both for China to improve its cultural disorientation and for the world to alleviate the increasing cultural polarization. However, chance probably co-exists with crisis or jeopardy. In the Chinese context, ＂危机＂ is always associated with ＂危＂ （which means peril or jeopardy ）and ＂机＂ （which means chance or opportunity ）. In this paper, the author has evolved Prof. Feng Youlan＇s notion of ＂照着讲 interpreting accordingly＂ and ＂接着讲 interpreting successively＂ into a hermeuentical principle, arguing that all ＂interpreting accordingly＂ has to be ＂interpreting successively＂, further, all ＂interpreting successively＂ has to be ＂对着讲 interpreting contrapuntally＂, especially in the age of globalization. Framing Chinese learning, especially Chinese traditional scholarship in a dialectical or more flexible system, and reconsidering its crisis and prospect in the terms of＂small space＂ vs ＂big space＂, ＂cultural origins＂ vs ＂cultural results＂, the author, as the vice dean of the Academy of Chinese Learning of Tsinghua University, attempts to offer some enlightening resolutions to the controversial arguments around whether the contemporary Chinese learning.