中世纪中国戏剧的多种形态:如何改编文本以满足演员、观众、审查官和读者的不同要求

The Many Shapes of Medieval Chinese Plays: How Texts Are Translated to Meet the Needs of Actors, Spectators, Centers, and Readers

勾勒元杂剧从元代商业剧场逐步登上明初宫廷舞台,最终走向晚明文人士夫案头的演变进程,可以发现一个历史事实:元杂剧之所以有诸多版本的差异,这源于它们面对着不同的意识形态和群体,如观众、演员、宫廷审查官以及文人读者的不同需求。这些版本的文本差异,反映了不同的刊印目的和实际演出的变化。

By retracing some of the stages in the development of Yuan drama, a conclusion can be made that some textual changes are due to the variable ideological constraints to which zaju was submitted as it moved from the urban commercial theater of the Yuan dynasty, to the court stage of the early Ming, and eventually to the studio of the late Ming literati. The many differences between the various preserved texts reflect the specific purposes for which the texts were produced and the different relations of those scripts to performances.