某纺织厂不同工种噪声危害调查分析

Investigation and analysis on noise hazard of different work divisions in a textile factory

目的探索纺织业不同工种噪声污染状况及其对纺织女工健康的影响。方法对某纺织厂不同工种的噪声强度进行检测并对接噪工龄3年以上的女工285人进行职业健康体检及问卷调查。结果细纱工种噪声强度最大,超标率100%;其次是梳棉工种、粗纱工种及捻线工种,超标率分别为75%、62.5%及37.5%;不同工种接噪女工都会出现不同程度的听觉系统损伤、类神经症状、高血压、心血管系统症状、异常心电图、月经异常,且其检出率在不同工种间差异有显著性(P<0.05);听力损失与接噪工龄密切相关(P<0.05);接噪女工卫生防护知识严重匮乏。结论纺织作业噪声危害严重,应改善纺织作业环境和加强纺织女工个人防护意识。

Objective To study noise pollution status of different work divisions in the textile factory and their influences on the textile woman workers.Methods The noise intensity of different work divisions in a textile fac-tory were monitored.Occupation health examination and questionnaire survey were carried out for 285 women workers,who were exposed to noise pollution more than 3 years.Results The noise intensity of spinning work di-vision was the highest and unqualified rate of noise monitoring points was 100%.Next were carding,roving and twisted thread,and their unqualified rate were 75%,62.5% and 37.5% respectively.The noise exposure woman workers of different work divisions had different degrees of auditory system damage,neural symptoms,hyperten-sion,cardiovascular system symptoms,abnormal electrocardiogram,abnormal menstruation,and their abnormality rate had significant differences among different work divisions （P 〈0.05）.The hearing loss were closely related with the noise exposure length （P 〈0.05）.The noise exposure woman workers had poor knowledge of health pro-tection.Conclusion The noise hazard in the textile operation is serious.It is to improve the working environment and to strengthen the individual protection that are the fundamental measures for prevention from the noise hazard in the textile operation.