边疆少数民族地区医务人员职业倦怠现状调查与分析

An investigation and analysis on job burnout of medical staffs in minority border areas

目的：探讨边疆少数民族地区医务人员职业倦怠特点。方法采用Maslach职业倦怠量表（MBI-GS），对云南省普洱市不同等级医疗卫生机构906名医务人员进行调查，比较不同人员职业倦怠特点，采用描述性统计、t检验、卡方检验、单因素方差分析及LSD-t进行两两比较。结果①边疆少数民族地区医务人员情感衰竭、玩世不恭和成就感低落均分为（1.55±1.40、0.99±1.29、2.47±1.98），明显低于一般地区；②不同等级医院医务人员情绪衰竭、玩世不恭得分和Maslach工作倦怠问卷（Maslach Burnout Inventory,MBI）总分由高到低依次是：市级、县级、乡（镇）级，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000，0.000，0.000）；③女性医务人员情绪衰竭和玩世不恭得分高于男性医务人员，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000，0.025）；④本科医务人员情绪衰竭、玩世不恭、成就感低落得分和MBI总分高于专科和中专及以下者，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000，0.000，0.000，0.012）；⑤拉祜族医务人员成就感低落得分高于其他民族，差异有统计学意义（P=0.009）。结论少数民族地区医务人员存在一定程度的工作倦怠，呈现明显的性别、学历、医院等级及民族特点。

Objective To explore the status of job burnout of medical staffs in minority border areas. Methods A total of 906 medical personnel from Pu＆#39;er hospitals in Yunnan Province were as-sessed with Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey （MBI-GS） by t test, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA and LSD-t pairwise comparison. Results ①The emotional exhaustion, cynicism and reduced personal accomplishment of medical staffs in minority border areas （1.55±1.40, 0.99± 1.29, 2.47±1.98） are significantly lower than general areas （P=0.000, 0.010, 0.000）; ②emotional ex-haustion, cynicism and Maslach Burnout Inventory （MBI） total points of different levels of hospital medi-cal staff, the score of which in descending order are：municipal, county and township （town） levels （P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000）; ③Female medical personnel＆#39;s emotional exhaustion and cynicism are scored significantly higher than males medical staff （P=0.000, 0.025）; ④The scores of emotional exhaustion, cynicism, reduced personal accomplishment and MBI total points of Bachelor medical staff are signifi-cantly higher than those of colleges as well as secondary schools and below （P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.012）; ⑤The scores of reduced personal achievement of Lahu medical staff are higher than those of other ethnic groups （P=0.009）. Conclusion In medical staffs in minority border areas there exists a certain extent of job burnout, which presents differences among genders, educational background, hos-pitals and ethnic groups.