历史唯物主义何以能兼容道德——从凯·尼尔森的“马克思主义道德观念”谈起

How Can Historical Materialism Be Compatible With Morality:From Kai Nielson's "The Moral Concept of Marxism"

马克思对待道德的态度是复杂而矛盾的,他一方面声称道德是一种应该被抛弃的意识形态的形式,而另一方面在其著作中充斥着大量的针对资本主义的道德批判。凯·尼尔森在驳斥马克思主义的反道德论的基础上,提出了一种情境主义的道德解析模式,把马克思的道德理论视为其道德社会学和其本人道德价值立场的有机统一体,为我们理解和把握"马克思与道德"的主题提供了一种富有启发性的思考模式。这不仅为一种合理的、非意识形态的道德的可能性留出了空间,而且为我们构建一种与社会主义发展新阶段相适应的道德形态和社会主义的意识形态提供了重要的理论支撑。

Marx＇s attitude towards morality is complex and contradictory. On one hand, he said that morality was a form of ideology which should be abandoned, on the other hand there are many moral judgments in the books which are aimed at the condemnation for the capitalism. Based on refuting the anti-moral theory, Kai Nielsen put forward a moral analytical mode of contextualism, which takes Marx＇s moral theory as an organic unity of his moral sociology and his own moral value standpoint and provides an enlightening mode of thinking for us to understand and grasp the theme of ＂Marx and the moral＂. It not only leaves a possible space for a reasonable, non-ideological morality, but also has provided an important theoretical support for us to construct a moral form and a socialist ideology which adapt to the new stage of development of socialism.