晚明玩物文化与明代文人审美心态的蜕变

The Metamorphosis of Plaything Literature in Late Ming Dynasty and Literati Aesthetic Mentality in Ming Dynasty

晚明文人在日常生活领域表现出对物质文化的狂热迷恋。这种对物质生活的新的体验和看法体现了晚明文人审美心理的蜕变。文人在体物和用物上,不再恪守传统的"道为器用"的礼教观,有意去除附在器物上的政治和道德诉求,回归物质生活本身,将生活本身作为价值所在;也不同于道家讲究精神超越的超功利审美,对身体本身的关注超过精神上的诉求。审美与生活密切相关,重视纯粹的感官体验和个体的诉求,审美体验上的由俭入奢等等诸多方面共同构成明代文人审美心态的独特性。

Literati in late Ming dynasty showed crazing infatuation in daily life. Such new experience and attitude to material life reflected the metamorphosis of aesthetic mentality in late Ming. Literati no longer followed the traditional ethics＇ view of Confucianism and Taoism. They removed the political and moral appeal on purpose to return life itself, and considered the life itself valuable. This was different from utility aesthetics in Taoism which focused on body itself far more than the appeal on spirits. The uniqueness of literati aesthetic mentality in Ming comprised closely relationship between aesthetic mentality and life, the pure sensory experiences, as well as individual appeals and aesthetic experience.