20例新生儿气胸的病因分析及治疗体会

The Experience of 20 Cases of Neonatal Pneumothorax Diagnosis and Treatment

目的探讨新生儿气胸的发病原因、临床表现及防治措施。方法对2010年1月至2014年5月共20例新生儿气胸的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 20例气胸患儿均有肺部原发病,包括病理性气胸6例,自发性气胸5例,医源性气胸9例。治愈18例,家属放弃治疗2例(其中张力性气胸1例,合并缺氧缺血性脑病1例)。其中12例经胸腔闭式引流缓解,1例经穿刺抽气后好转,6例经保守治疗自行吸收。结论应加强围生期保健,防止早产、减少窒息、胎粪及羊水吸入,正确进行复苏,合理应用呼吸机,可有效降低气胸的发生。对不同程度、不同类型的气胸及时采用相应的治疗措施,可显著降低病死率。

Objective To investigate the etiology, clinical manifestations, and prevention measures of neonatal pneumothorax. Methods From January 2010 to May 2014, the clinical data of a total of 20 cases of neonatal pneumothorax were retrospectively analyzed, Results 20 eases of pneumothorax patients suffered from the primary disease of the lungs. Among them, the pathologic pneumothorax in 6eases, 5 eases with spontaneous pneumothorax, 9 cases of iatrogenie pneumothorax. 18 patients were cured, in addition, family members in 2 eases give up treatment including 1 tension pneumothorax and hypoxia isehemie eneephalopathy in 1 case. 12 cases got a remission by chest closed drainage, 1 ease take a turn for the better after puncture extraction, 6 eases are absorbed by itself with eonservative treatment. Conclusion We should strengthen the perinatal period health care, prevent preterm birth, reduce asphyxia, the intake of meconium or amniotio fluid. All the same lime, it is also necessary to proper recovery and the reasonable application of breathing machine. These all can effectively reduce the occurrence of pneumothorax. To different degree and types of pneumothorax using corresponding treatment measures in time, can significantly reduce the ease fatality rate.