旱地小麦深松覆盖除草整地一体化耕作技术研究

Study on an Organic Integral Cultivate Technology of Deep Soft-earth Mulch with Weeding Soil-tillage for Wheat Production in Arid Land

针对深松后地表留下浅沟,播种时容易使播种沟同深松沟重合,不能保证播种深度,及少耕作业易使杂草生长严重等问题,山西省农业科学院小麦研究所旱地小麦保护性耕作研究小组在深松机上加上振动平刀,发明了深松平刀除草整地机,将深松与振动平刀除草整地相组合,实现了深松、覆盖、除草、整地一体化耕作。通过3种耕作试验,结果表明,深松覆盖除草整地一体化耕作除草全面彻底,对土壤结构破坏小,保墒效果好,降低了保护性耕作生产成本;与深松覆盖+旋耕除草整地耕作相比,每公顷可节约成本448元,增产1.8%;与传统方式耕作相比,每公顷节约成本1 045元,增产30.5%,其是一种经济有效的保护性耕作措施。

To resolve that the cultivated soil surface remained shallow furrow after deep soft-earth, and the minimum cultivate leaded to heavy weed growth, we invented the tractor operated machine of deep shovel with flat knife. The machine excellently combined deep soft-earth mulch with weeding soil-tillage. An organic integral cultivate of deep soft-earth mulch with weeding soil-tillage was achieved. The results showed that this cultivate thoroughly weeded out weeds, not destroyed soil constitution and had good preservation of soil moisture. The production cost of productive cultivate was reduced. Compared with cultivate of deep soft-earth mulch ＋ rotary tillage with weeding, this cultivate cost saved 448 yuan /hm2, the wheat yield was increased 1.8%. Compared with cultivate of traditional methods, this cultivate cost saved 1 045 yuan /hm2, the wheat yield was increased 30.5%. The organic integral cultivate of deep soft-earth mulch with weeding soil-tillage was economic effective measure of productive cultivate.