心理治疗的普遍性机制与文化多样性

General mechanism and cultural diversity in psychotherapy: A comment

本文对印度尼西亚作者关于母系氏族社会母亲角色及其现代意义的文献进行评述,认为中国临床上也可见"文化灭绝"现象;从理解的心理学角度,强调文化共情的重要性,推介"推理及人、推己及人、情境化"的系统式临床思维。针对留守儿童、替代养育问题,结合不安全型依恋与儿少期、成年期心理障碍有关的理论,呼吁全社会重视此问题,向国际同道学习,关爱分离着的母亲和她们的子女。

Psychotherapy is a sort of arts based on science following the general principles of social science and natural science.Meanwhile,the content of psychotherapy,the process of the practice,and the relationship be-tween the help-seekers and the helpers reflect substantial humanistic connotation and are bound up with cultural and subcultural transmission and reality context.This paper is a commentary on the article written by an Indonesian fel-low T.Citraningtyas discussing the mother＇s role in the matriarchal society and its modern meanings.We discussed that the phenomenon of being ＂cultural extinction＂also presents in China.Although the main stream in Chinese cul-ture is still patriarchic familism,the remainder of matriarchal society still exists in the basic emotional models of parent-child relationship.The deprivation and frustration related with filial piety and kinship may cause the conse-quence of ＂cultural extinction＂in the individual level.Referring the theory of Wen-Shing Tseng on the mechanisms of the cultural influence on psychopathology,from the perspective of understanding psychology,we emphasized the importance of cultural empathy and recommended the systemic clinical thinking way of＂empathic considering and contextualizing.＂Last but not least,we discussed the second case of the overseas migrant workers and their ＂left-at-home children＂in this article within Chinese context.Moreover,besides the 61 million left-at-home children in rural areas,there are a large amount of substitute-raised children by their grandparents who might be also in the risk of being impaired physically and psychologically.This problematic phenomenon may relate to the living stress and the cultural encouragement as well.By providing a critique discussion with the related theories of correlation of the in-secure attachment with psychological disorders in childhood and adulthood,this commentary encouraged humble learning from our Indonesian fellows and appealed for greater appreciation of separate mothers and their children a-mong Chinese clinicians.