纳米多相催化材料在常温反应中的应用

Nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts for room-temperature catalytic transformations

近年来,纳米材料在化学反应过程中扮演着越来越重要的角色。纳米材料作为多相催化剂,具有高活性、高选择性、高稳定性而且易于回收利用等优点。将精心设计的纳米材料用于催化一系列反应,使其在常温下进行,可以促进资源的高效利用和节能减排,在化工领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文详细介绍了以下几种类型的纳米材料,即金属纳米粒子材料、固载型金属离子复合物纳米材料、金属氧化物纳米材料和固体酸纳米材料。并阐述了上述纳米材料的结构特点及在催化方面的优势,同时结合实例,着重探讨了上述纳米材料作为多相催化剂在氧化反应、还原反应、偶联反应等多种节能高效反应中的应用。纳米材料因其多方面的优点以及广阔的应用范围,是一种极具发展潜力的多相催化材料。

Currently,nanomaterials are playing an increasingly important role in chemical reaction processes because the employment of nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts could achieve high activity,selectivity,and stability. Reactions proceeded at room temperature employing well-designed nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts will promote efficient energy utilization and thus protect environment,which would have a broad applications in chemical engineering. In this review,a variety of nanomaterials are introduced,including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles,grafting metal complexes and solids acid and their structure characteristic and employment in various room-temperature reactions,such as oxidation,hydrogenation,and coupling reactions. Nanomaterials will become promising heterogeneous catalytic materials due to their advantages and wide applications in many aspects.