路径依赖理论视域下中国职业篮球制度变迁研究

Institutional Change of the Chinese Professional Basketball System:A Perspective of Path Dependence

运用个体分析、行为分析、规范分析和实证分析等新制度经济学的研究方法,依据路径依赖理论和产权经济学理论,从新制度经济学视角对中国职业篮球制度变迁中存在的问题及原因进行分析,为中国职业篮球制度的建设以及CBA联赛的发展提供合理化的建议。研究认为:中国职业篮球制度变迁过程中,只要形成路径依赖,政府所制定的政策和方向将会在今后的发展中得到自我强化;篮管中心作为国家行政性垄断组织对CBA联赛拥有绝对的控制权,利益集团之间的利益博弈,导致了篮管中心与各CBA俱乐部之间产生了严重的利益冲突;中国职业篮球制度变迁是一种渐进式的以强制性变迁为主的制度变迁,强制性制度变迁的路径选择是从制度非均衡——制度创新——制度均衡不断演变的过程;中国职业篮球制度的发展路径应以垄断格局的举国体制模式向以市场机制和举国体制相结合并以市场机制为主导的模式转变,才能走向符合制度变迁客观发展规律的路径选择。

The present study uses new institutional economics research methods,including individual analysis,behavioral analysis,normative analysis,and empirical analysis,and the path dependence theory and the theory of property right economics. The article analyzes problems and the reasons in the transition of the Chinese basketball system from the perspective of new institutional economics,before providing suggestions for the construction of China＇s professional basketball system and the development of the CBA league. The study comes to the following conclusions.Formation of path dependence in the institutional transition is a guarantee for the self-reinforcement of government policies and guidelines. While the Basketball Management Center,as a national administrative monopoly,has absolute control over the CBA league,conflicts between interest groups have led to serious conflicts of interest between the Center and the clubs. The institutional transition is a gradual compulsory one from disequilibrium to innovation to equilibrium. To conform to the law of development path selection,the Chinese professional basketball system should transition from state monopoly to a market-dominated combination between the market mechanism and state monopoly.