中国食品中农药MRL标准对急性膳食暴露评估需求的研究

Study on acute dietary exposure assessment needs for Chinese pesticide MRLs in food

为了评估当前国内相关农药最大残留限量（MRL）标准及我国居民的急性膳食暴露风险水平，采用FAO／WHO农药残留专家联席会议（JMPR）推荐的农药残留急性膳食暴露评估方法，利用我国居民大份额膳食消费数据、国内登记农药的规范残留试验数据和JMPR推荐的农药毒理学数据，对我国普通人群、0—6岁儿童和育龄妇女的农药残留摄入情况进行了急性膳食暴露评估。结果表明：白菜中的虫螨腈和丙森锌、甘蓝中的高效氯氰菊酯和灭多威对三类人群的国家估算急性暴露水平（NESTI）均大于急性参考剂量（ARfD）；香蕉中的氟硅唑对0～6岁儿童和普通人群的NESTl分别为ARfD值的300％和160％；苹果中的二氰蒽醌、甘蓝中的高效氯氟氰菊酯、花椰菜中的阿维菌素及番茄中的丙森锌仅对0～6岁儿童有较高的急性膳食暴露风险；儿童相比其他人群摄入农药残留的急性膳食暴露风险更高、概率更大。建议我国采取相应的风险管理措施，降低农药残留摄入的急性膳食风险，同时尽快完善短期膳食消费数据库和农药残留数据库，在制定农药MRL标准时进行相应的急性膳食暴露评估，以保障消费者的农药急性膳食暴露风险在可接受水平。

In order to assess the current domestic maximum residue limits for pesticides and the risk level of acute dietary intake for residents, based on the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues （JMPR） method on acute dietary exposure assessment for pesticide residues in food, large portion of dietary consumption data, regulated residual testing data for the domestic registration of pesticides and JMPR recommended pesticide toxicology data are used to evaluated the acute dietary exposure of pesticide residues in food for general population, children of 0 - 6 years old, and women of childbearing age in this study. The results showed that the dietary exposure levels of chloffenapyr and propineb in Chinese cabbage, also beta-cypermethrin and methomyl in cabbage were higher than its acute reference dose （ARfD） correspondingly for all the 3 population groups. The acute dietary exposure level of flusilazole in bananas were 300% for children of 0 -6 years old, and 160% for general population compared with its ARfD, while dithianon in apple, beta-cypermethrin in cabbage, abamectin in broccoli, and propineb in potato exercised a high level of acute dietary exposure risk only to children of 0 - 6 years old. Compared to other population groups, acute dietary exposure risk to children of 0 - 6 years old were higher with a large probability. It is suggested that appropriate risk management measures to reduce the risk of acute dietary intake of pesticide residues should be taken early during the elaboration of maximum residue limits （MRLs） as national food safety standards with further refinement of the national short term diet consumption database and pesticide residues database for better protection of consumers from acute dietary exposure at an appropriate level.