添加有机物料对花生不同生育时期产流产沙的影响

Effect of Organic Material Input on Runoff and Sediment Yield During Different Peanut Growth Periods

采用野外实时监测的方法,研究不同有机物料施用对花生不同生育时期产流产沙的影响。结果表明,整个试验周期,30.4%~36.7%的径流深集中在开花下针期。此阶段径流系数高达0.323~0.400。除NPK＋Str和NPK＋BC处理外,径流深和降雨量,最大60min雨强均存在着极显著的正相关关系（P〈0.001）。而侵蚀主要集中在苗期。在花生生长后期,处理间才开始出现差异。仅NPK和NPK＋SM处理下,土壤侵蚀和径流深有显著的正相关关系（P〈0.05）。总体而言,NPK＋Str处理秸秆表施增加了地表粗糙度,降低了雨滴打击和泥沙迁移,减少了12.9%的径流和27.0%的泥沙。NPK＋SM处理下,花生地上部生长最旺盛,起到一定的截留降雨和增加入渗的作用。NPK＋BC处理虽然提高了团聚体稳定性（P〈0.05）,但是没有减缓水土流失。

In this study,the field real-time monitoring was adopted to explore the effect of various organic material input on runoff and sediment yield during different peanut growth periods.Results showed that almost 30.4% ~36.7% of the runoff occurred in flowering period,with runoff coefficient reaching up to0.323~0.400.There were significant positive correlations among runoff depth,precipitation and maximum60 min rainfall intensity in all treatments except the treatments of NPK＋Str and NPK＋BC（P〈0.001）.The soil erosion mainly happened in the seedling stage.The differences between treatments began to appear in later peanut growth stage.Only under treatments of NPK and NPK＋SM,soil erosion showed significant positive correlation with runoff depth（P〈0.05）.In general,straw mulch reduced runoff and sediment yield by 12.9% and by 27.0%,respectively,together with the increase of surface roughness,and the decrease of raindrops hit and sediment migration.The NPK＋SM treatment which owned the greatest aboveground biomass showed the effect of rainfall interception and the increase of infiltration.The application of biochar increased the aggregate stability（P〈0.05）,but was weak in the conversation of water and soil.