摘要
通过长期定位试验研究了控释尿素不同施用量对双季稻田氮素的径流和渗漏损失的影响,以期为控释肥的推广和农业面源污染的减少提供科学依据。结果表明,施肥量是决定稻田氮素径流和渗漏损失的主要因子之一,控释尿素减量施用能显著降低稻田氮素径流与渗漏损失。施肥初期稻田氮素流失量最大,是控制双季稻田氮素流失的关键时期。NH4+-N与NO3--N径流损失量占稻田全氮径流损失量的50%左右,稻田渗漏损失以NO3--N为主,占全氮渗漏损失的70%以上。控释尿素各处理中以减氮30%处理效果最好,能显著减少稻田的氮素流失量。其与普通尿素相比,稻田TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N径流损失量分别减少30.56%,23.41%,18.64%;稻田TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N渗漏损失量分别减少28.53%,34.17%,29.51%。研究证明控释氮肥确实能够减缓氮素释放速度,显著降低水稻生长前期氮素流失量,且控释尿素减氮施用能显著减少氮素径流和渗漏损失,对农业面源污染的防控意义重大,适合大面积推广。
In this research,a long-term experiment was conducted to study the effect of reduced application of controlled released urea on nitrogen runoff and leakage loss in double cropping paddy field,expecting to promote the application of controlled release fertilizer and provide scientific basis for controlling non-point source pollution.The results showed that the amount of fertilizer application was one critical factor to decide nitrogen runoff and leakage loss in double cropping paddy field,and the runoff and leakage loss were significantly reduced by application of controlled release urea fertilizer in paddy field.Nitrogen loss was remarkable in the early fertilization stage which was a key period to reduce non-point source pollution in the double cropping rice field.NH4+-N and NO3--N runoff loss accounted for about 50% of total nitrogen runoff loss,and the form of leakage loss of nitrogen in the paddy field was NO3--N,which accounted for more than 70% of total nitrogen leakage loss.The treatment of CRNF4(with the reduction of 30%nitrogen)had the least nitrogen loss compared with other treatments,which reduced TN runoff loss by 30.56% compared with common urea,and reduced the runoff loss of NH4+-N and NO3--N by 23.41% and 18.64% respectively.It also reduced leakage loss of NH4+-N,NO3--N and TN by 34.17%,29.51% and 28.53% respectively,compared with common urea.Therefore,the application of controlled release urea fertilizer can lower the speed of nitrogen release and significantly reduced the loss of nitrogen in the early rice growth stage.And reducing the application amount of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer can significantly decline the nitrogen runoff and leakage loss,and prevent the agricultural non-point source pollution,and thus be suitable for the application of large area.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期70-74,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B04,2014BAC09B01)
湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目(14K047,14K048)
关键词
稻田
控释氮肥
径流损失
渗漏损失
paddy field
controlled release nitrogen fertilizer
runoff loss
leakage loss