山地丘陵区不同复垦年限空心村整治后土壤特性

Soil Properties Under Hollow Villages of Different Reclamation Years in Hilly Area

了解空心村整治后的土壤特性,为山地丘陵区废弃、空置宅基地高效利用复垦为新增耕地指明道路。通过在陕西澄城县实地采集6个年限的空心村复垦后土壤,分别测定其土壤pH、容重、电导率、有机质、全氮、有效磷及速效钾含量,并与复垦点临近的废弃宅基地墙土进行比较。结果表明,随着复垦年限的增加,土壤粘粒含量呈对数增长趋势,平均增长速率为7.34%,pH呈对数增长趋势,平均增长速率为1.34%,容重呈指数型增长趋势,平均增长速率为4.35%,电导率呈多项式增长趋势,平均增长速率为13.76%(复垦年限≥4a),有机质、全N、有效磷和速效钾含量均呈现先减小后增大的多项式变化规律,增长速率分别为27.76%(复垦年限≥4a),5.73%(复垦年限≥3a),12.64%(复垦年限≥4a),6.49%(复垦年限≥2a)。山地丘陵区空心村复垦后不仅能增加耕地数量,且随复垦年限的增加其土壤物理特性良好,养分含量增高。

The present study aimed to understand the soil properties under hollow village before and after reclamation and to find out the way to increase cultivated land amount in hilly area through efficient reclamation of waste and vacant homestead. We collected soil samples from 6 hollow villages of different reclamation years in Chengcheng county, Shaanxi province, and then measured soil pH value, bulk density, conductivity, and contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. The waste homestead wall soil was collected near reclamation points as control. The results showed that with the increase of reclamation years, soil clay content showed a logarithmic growth trend, with average growth rate of 7.34%, and soil pH also showed a logarithmic growth trend, with average growth rate of 1.34%. Soil bulk density showed an exponential growth trend, with average growth rate of 4.35%, while soil conductivity showed a polynomial growth trend, with average growth rate of 13.76% （reclamation years≥4 years）. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium decreased at first and then increased, showing polynomial growth trends. The growth rates of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content were 27.76% （reclamation years≥4 years）, 5.73% （reclamation years≥3 years）, 12.64% （reclamation years≥4 years）, 6.49 （reclamation years≥2 years）, respectively. In hilly area, hollow village reclamation could not only increase the amount of cultivated land, but also improve soil physical characteristics and increase soil nutrient content with the increase of reclamation years.